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RNA Polymerase

RNA polymerase II consists of 12 subunits

The carboxyl terminal domain (CTD)

RBP 1, RBP 3 ,RBP 7,RBP 11,  RBP 8, RBP 6, RBP 4 ,RBP 12, RBP 9, RBP 2, RBP 5, RBP 10,

‧ RNA Polymerase II is responsible for transcribing nuclear genes encoding the messenger RNAs and several small nuclear RNAs

‧ It is composed of 12 subunits

‧ The two largest subunits are the most highly conserved among eukaryotes and are homologous to the a- and b- subunits of the bacterial RNA Polymerase

‧ The carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Polymerase II contains 52 repeats of a heptapeptide that has multiple essential roles in transcription initiation, promoter  clearance, transcript elongation, and the recruitment of the RNA processing machinery

RNA Polymerase II is responsible for transcribing nuclear genes encoding the messenger RNAs and several small nuclear RNAs. It is composed of 12 subunits. The two largest subunits are the most highly conserved among eukaryotes and are homologous to the - and -subunitsof the bacterial RNA Polymerase. RNA Pol II cannot recognize its target promoter directly and cannot initiate transcription without accessory factors. Instead, this large multisubunit enzyme relies on both general transcription factors and transcriptional activators and coactivators to regulate transcription from class II promoters. The carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Polymerase II contains 52 repeats of a heptapeptide that has multiple essential roles in transcription initiation, promoter clearance, transcript elongation, and the recruitment of the RNA processing machinery. Specific phosphorylation events at the CTD are associated with the spatial and temporal coordination of these different activities. Native RNA Polymerase II complex was purified from HeLa cells nuclear pellet or calf thymus.RNA Polymerase II has been applied for in vitro transcription assays on naked as well as on chromatin templates and for protein-protein interaction assays. The Pol II protein complex is 60% - 70% pure and is devoid of other general transcription factors.